Collaboration Challenges
in CBRR
Despite the benefits of collaboration, several challenges exist that can hinder effective joint efforts between CSOs and government.
Limited Formal Coordination
“In Malaysia, while INITIATE.MY has had success working with the Royal Malaysian Police, much of the collaboration is informal and dependent on personal relationships between CSO staff and government officials. This limits the scalability of their efforts.”
One of the main challenges is the lack of formal, structured coordination mechanisms between CSOs and government bodies. Without a formal framework, it becomes difficult to maintain long-term, consistent collaboration.
Community Support
“One of the major challenges INITIATE.MY faces in its Community-Based Rehabilitation and Reintegration (CBRR) efforts is the deep-seated stigma and fear within communities toward former extremists.”
Many residents and local leaders are reluctant to accept these individuals back into society due to concerns about security risks and a lack of understanding about rehabilitation. This mistrust often results in social isolation for the former extremists, who are excluded from community events, religious gatherings, and other social circles, further complicating their reintegration journey. Such isolation not only affects the individuals but also extends to their families, who may face discrimination and social exclusion, impacting their overall well-being and educational opportunities for children. This environment of rejection can lead to a cycle of marginalization, increasing the risk of re-radicalization as former extremists struggle to rebuild their lives without community support.
Funding Gaps
“INITIATE.MY faces challenges in securing sustainable funding. While they receive grants for specific programs, the lack of consistent funding limits their ability to offer long-term mental health services and holistic reintegration support, including mental health counselling, transitional housing, and access to social services to former extremist/inmates.”
Many CSOs rely on short-term project-based grants, which makes it difficult to plan long-term interventions. While government agencies may provide some funding, it is often insufficient to cover the comprehensive services required for successful reintegration. This results in gaps in service delivery, especially when funding cycles end.
Mistrust between CSOs and Government
There can sometimes be mistrust between CSOs and government agencies, particularly in contexts where government efforts focus primarily on security, and CSOs advocate for human rights and rehabilitation. This tension can complicate collaboration, with each side questioning the other's motives and met